Electrical devices and their efficient use

Energy savings in everyday life

Currently, almost everyone wants to learn how to save electricity in everyday life.Energy savings in everyday life are popular as it does not require special investments but can save it significantly

Electricity tarifings are constantly growing.This is the reason why many people try to limit their costs.Now there is a huge amount of special information that helps to follow the basic rules of energy consumption.If you are interested, you can read about the compensation of reactive force.

Savings in lighting of public places

Usually you need to set the motion sensors to solve such a problem.They help the illumination only in the necessary period.If these devices are covered at the entrance, keep in mind that the house can save significant amounts of money.If necessary, you can save your funds significantly.To implement this process, you need to install the semiconductor diode into a wire break.

Now the diode must be placed in the breaker.The diode carries a certain amount of electricity on its own.The tension will decrease significantly and will be able to save its funds significantly accordingly.

Electricity Savings When using household appliances

In everyday life, it accounts for 9-10% of all the necessary energy.And although the energy savings (compared to heating and hot water) are limited in the technical use of household electrical engineering, you can see that this type of energy is compared to roads according to paid accounts.When buying a household in electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare various models and manufacturers.

In a 4 -person family with 1/5 electricity, it takes care of things and clothes.Using modern technology and changing our habits can save up to 40% of electricity

Energy savings in the kitchen

If you are planning to use an electric kettle, it is not necessary to fill it at the end.The water should be poured in such a quantity that is sufficient for a certain period.This should be done so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you are planning to use an electric stove, keep in mind that you need to choose foods that fully match the size of the plate to save a significant device.If you are interested, you can also read the energy reception thermostats.

The main directions of energy saving in everyday life

Depending on the climate conditions, the type and size of the residential buildings, the heating systems and the availability of gas.But in everyday life the main directions of increasing energy efficiency:

How to save the electricity
  • Heat saving.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacing windows and doors new metal plastic or closing old, closing cracks and holes.Installation behind the heating battery of the aluminum foil or the heat refinement screen.Replace cast iron radiators with bimetall or aluminum.Glazing of loggia and balcony.All measures of the complex promote the room temperature by 4-5 degrees without increasing the cost of English Coiner.
  • Saving water.Installation of the measuring device consumed water.Replacing the rotating cranes on the mixers with carrium.Checking and repairing the drain tank in the toilet, installing a two -hitting tank.Batter less often, use more.Do not turn on the water with the entire stream without much needed.Close the crane during shaving and brushing.Use the dishwasher and the washing machine with a relatively full load.Usually 3-4 times it can reduce the flow of water.
  • Gas savings.With individual gas heating, all measures that are designed to maintain heat and hot water automatically lead to gas savings.During cooking, it is sensible to use modern stainless steel foods with a polished bottom.Each vessel must be clean and smooth the burning size.Check the adjacent density of the baking door so that the hot air does not come out.The cost reduction is 2-3 times.

Energy illumination devices

Generally, apartments with long corridors use constantly burning lighting.Energy consumption incandescent lamps must be used to start saving.These lamps have a long guarantee, so you can definitely save significant funds.If you are planning to choose high quality lamps, choose a good manufacturer.

Energizing lamps

Also, if you are planning to save significant funds, you only need to use an easy wallpaper.Try not to ignore the natural light in your house.

Power consumption in everyday life - where can I save?

In everyday life, the share of the lion - 79% for the heating of rooms, 15% of energy for heat treatment processes (water heating, cooking, etc.) - 5% of the energy consumes electric household appliances and consume 1% energy for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy for the following:

  • 50 hours to listen to the radio;
  • 110 hour shaving with electric forehead;
  • Leave 60 watts of light for 17 hours;
  • 12 hours watch a color TV;
  • 2 hours vacuum;
  • Take a 5 -minute shower;
  • Heat a 6 degree water bath (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity serves for almost two centuries for almost two centuries, and year by year its role in modern people is constantly increasing.It can also be said that electricity has now penetrated the almost most important sphere of the life of modern society.

First and foremost, the widespread use of electrical energy is accompanied by a relatively simple mechanism to convert it into other types of energy.With different types of heaters, a person can get heat energy for cooking or heating the rooms.In illumination devices, the electrical energy becomes clear and, with an electric motor, we can easily make electricity into mechanical energy.

In addition, however, it must be kept in constant remembrance that behind the visible danger and simplicity of the electrical energy, the significant danger to human life and health can be hidden.When using various mechanisms, do not forget to comply with precautions and safe methods of working in the electrical circuits for a minute, as well as the household appliances in these circuits.

Significantly complicates the situation that electric current cannot be seen or heard.The presence of electric current in the driver can only be detected by measuring devices specifically designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the proper use of electricity energy should be the mandatory compliance with the basic rules and techniques for safe work.Studying the causes of electroumatism in everyday life indicates that these causes are not many and do not change for decades.

The main causes of electroumatism in everyday life are as follows:

  • violation of elemental rules and violation of electricity employment methods;
  • Operation of defective household appliances;
  • Negligent handling of electrical installations in personal plot;
  • Experiments for individuals for independent repair of electrical equipment and electrical wires who do not have the skills and qualifications they need.

You need to remember the multiple general rules, which allows you to protect yourself from all kinds of problems that often arise during the operation of household appliances:

  1. Often the cause of the electrical impact is to destroy the insulation of electrical wires (or electrosnuers) in the locations available to them.Therefore, external checks of the electrical wires should be performed regularly and the insulation resistance of the wires should be checked and, if the insulation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
  2. All electrical circuits should be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic breakers or smooth inserts installed in the appropriate lines (in the distribution shield of the house or apartment).The current installation of these devices must be calibrated in such a way that the protection devices are triggered by currents exceeding the set values.
  3. The operation of the apartment's electrical networks is only possible with the fully served installation elements of the wires (sockets, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
  4. Network cords for household electrical appliances can be very heated at the site of damage or demolition of conductive seeds, which is often the cause of the wire fire.Therefore, carefully monitor the service capability of network cord wires and forks.
  5. Before repairing the malfunction, this electrical appliance should be turned off from the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified professional who will quickly and effectively eliminate the error.
  6. You should be very careful with the protective grounding of all metal parts and electrical equipment.Protective grounding reliably protects you from electrical shocks when violated electrical wires and when the mains voltage appears on the electrical appliance.

The chronology of practical use of electricity

At the same time, electricity theory begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, the English Delaru built the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten fiber.But this lamp is different from modern incandescent lamps like a car wheel on the slopes of the ship.

After 65 years, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodinin did not patent the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum flashes.Usually in this decade of the 19th century, the lamps were invented as "hot pits".

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp) and the Yablochkov candle (the first lamp that did not need to preserve the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with a platonic fiber in 1879.By the way, Edison was the first to find a switch (patented).

But the platinum fibers could not be used much in Lodygin in 1890 in 1890 of the incandescent lamps from refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.The tungsten fibers still illuminate most of humanity.

Industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905.Industrial production is the two Hungarians 34541.Based on its patent number: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

Practical use of electricity is not only about illumination of houses and streets.AC transformers are created, electric motors are created first from direct current and then from alternating current asynchronous engines.

However, the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electricity with electrical stations.The first power plant was an electrical generator for the transformer energy of a steam engine.

Initially, electrical generators provided electricity for separate factories and workshops.In 1880 the first city power plants began.The first power plant was built in New York in 1882, under the leadership of the same Edison.

Savings with reasonable self -determination can be a significant amount of money.Let's have some simple but effective energy saving methods in everyday life.

Heat -saving

The insulation of window and door blocks allows you to increase your flats and houses to 4-5 ° C and leave the electric heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ H during the season.There are many simple insulation methods:

  • Cracks in the window frames and doors are flakes.For this, assembly foams, self -enhancing sealing tapes, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc.As a result, the room temperature increases by 1-2 degrees;
  • Closing Narthexes of windows and doors with various self -seals and seals.The windows are done not only around the perimeter but also within the frames.As a result, the room temperature increases by 1-3 degrees;
  • Installing new plastic or wooden windows from multi -glazed windows, glass, heat reflaution film and fans.Then the temperature in the room will be stable in winter, and in the summer, the air - fresh, the need to open the window will disappear and throws a large amount of warm air.As a result, the room temperature increases by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in street noise levels;
  • Installing the second door at the entrance of the apartment (house).As a result, the room temperature increases by 1-2 degrees, decreasing the level of external noise and gas content;
  • Install a heat refinement screen (or aluminum foil) behind the heater cooler.The result is a 1 degree increase in room temperature.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture - heat is more efficient in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If the radiators are installed, taking into account convenient removal, they can be rinsed regularly, which also helps to increase heat transfer.The glazing of the balcony or loggia is equivalent to installing an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with a medium temperature of 10 ° C as on the street, in severe frost.It is not uncommon if there is no problem with the lack of heat, but with its excessive degree.The solution is to install the thermostat on radiators.

Electricity savings

Replace regular incandescent lamps with LED.Their service life is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, the consumption is 8 times lower.During operation, the light pays 8-10 times.Use local lights if no general illumination is required.Take a rule, leaving the room, extinguishing the light.Disconnect the devices in standby mode for a long time.TV, computer, music centers consume energy up to 3-10 w ∙ h in standby mode.During the year, this equipment, including the chargers left in the sockets, will provide additional energy consumption 200-300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique, at least A. Further energy consumption for household equipment for outdated structures is about 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or heater cooler.This increases energy consumption by 20-30%using a refrigerator.The refrigerator seal should be clean and fits tightly to the body and door.Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.Cool to room temperature before placing it in the refrigerator.Don't forget to defrost the refrigerator more often

Do not close the refrigerator cooler, leave the gap between the room wall and the rear wall of the refrigerator to cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in the kitchen, make sure the burners are not deformed and are closely adjacent to the bottom of the heated vessels.This eliminates excessive consumption of heat and current.

Do not turn on the stove forward and turn it off slightly earlier than necessary to prepare the vessel.Boil as much water in an electric kettle as you need.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduces lighting costs by 10-15%.

Describe the readings of electricity meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer your computer to sleep mode if you do not need constant operation.Continuous round -the whole Clock work consumes 70-120 kW ∙ H per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more effective using a laptop or computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing quality of life and habits.

Saving water

Be sure to install water meters.This motivates the reduction of water flow.Install the kart switches instead of the rotating cranes instead of the tapers.Water savings will be 10-15% plus comfort when choosing the temperature.Do not turn on the water for full pressure.In 90% of the cases, a small jet engine is enough, water consumption is 4-5 times.Turn off the water when washing and showering when it is not required.The shower takes 10 to 20 times less water to accept the bath.Significant water savings occur when two thresholds are used.Carefully check the presence of water leakage from the drain tank, which is due to the old supplements.Replacing accessories is not a very costly event, but water savings are significant.Through the thin flow of the leak, you can lose several cubic meters of water a month.In general, the decrease in water consumption is four times - the task is quite realized and low cost.

Gas savings

Gas savings are primarily relevant when gas meters are fitted to the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water will result in gas savings.There are also opportunities for gas savings while cooking:

  • The flame of the burner should not exceed the bottom of the pan, the fans, the kettle, otherwise you can only heat the air in the apartment (at least 50%);
  • The deformed bottom of the vessels leads to 50%of gas;
  • The food in which food is prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated food requires 4-6 times more gas for cooking;
  • Use economic food, these properties are usually indicated by the manufacturer.Most energy economy products are made of stainless steel with polished bottom, especially with copper or aluminum layers.Aluminum foods, enamel, Teflon coated are not economic;
  • The oven door should fit tightly into the plate body and not let go of the hot air.Generally speaking, GAS simply reduces its consumption 2 times the use of proposed measures - approx.Three times.

Energy efficiency for modern society axiom.The economical use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce your own costs and improve the environmental position of the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, relatively non -long, but rapid development The rapid development of the practical use of electricity is the greatest result of mankind.But no matter what large -scale power plants operate in our country, each where they are far away.For the consumer, the main and the family's apartment and home is an electrician.How to make electrical wires in an apartment and a house used for household needs, how to produce electrical equipment, how to repair an electrician with your own hands.